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EIA: US biomass-based diesel imports increase

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Hydrocarbon Engineering,


EIA states that US imports of biomass-based diesel, which include biodiesel and renewable diesel, grew 26% in 2019 to more than 27000 bpd, reversing three years of decline. Imports of biomass-based diesel increased in 2019 because of the increase in renewable diesel imports from Singapore.

Biodiesel is a mixture of chemical compounds known as alkyl esters and is often combined with petroleum diesel in blends of 5% to 20%, or B5 to B20. Renewable diesel is composed of hydrocarbon chains that are indistinguishable from petroleum diesel, meaning that it meets specifications for use in existing infrastructure and diesel engines and is not subject to any blending limitations. Biodiesel and renewable diesel are produced from a variety of fats, oils, and grease, collectively referred to as FOGs.

EIA states that because biomass-based diesel typically costs more to produce than petroleum diesel, federal and state policies largely drive the consumption of biomass-based diesel. At the federal level, biomass-based diesel qualifies as an advanced biofuel under the US Environmental Protection Agency's Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) programme, which requires renewable fuels to be blended into the nation's fuel supply.


Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Monthly (biodiesel and renewable diesel)

Biomass-based diesel also generates credits under California's Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) and is increasingly used to meet the increasing fuel standards in the LCFS because of its favourable greenhouse gas reduction score.

According to EIA, the majority of biomass-based diesel imports in 2019 came from renewable diesel imports – which have been sourced exclusively from Singapore since 2015 – and rose 49% to a record of nearly 17 000 bpd in 2019. Since 2016, all US renewable diesel imports have entered the country in California, most likely for compliance with the LCFS because renewable diesel has one of the lowest carbon intensities of the approved pathways for LCFS compliance, EIA states.

Biodiesel imports from Canada accounted for the majority of the US biodiesel imports in 2019, totalling 5100 bpd, with the remainder coming from European countries, EIA states. Biodiesel from Canada has regularly been imported into the US to capture US tax incentives and contribute toward US renewable fuel programmes.

Although increasing RFS targets have driven biomass-based diesel demand in recent years, total imports have fallen because of decreases in imports from Argentina and Indonesia since 2017, the year the US imposed import duties on biomass-based diesel imports from those two countries. Neither Argentina nor Indonesia exported any biodiesel to the US in 2018 or 2019. Overall, US imports of biodiesel totalled more than 11 000 bpd in 2019, about the same as 2018 levels, according to EIA.

The US also produces and exports biodiesel, and Canada is a key trading partner. US exports of biodiesel totalled 7400 bpd in 2019, an increase of 10% from 2018, EIA states. Canada received nearly 90% of the US exports of biodiesel, much of which was produced in the Midwest, where most US biodiesel production capacity exists. In 2019, the US exported more biodiesel to Canada than it imported by approximately 1500 bpd. In its May 2020 Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), EIA expects that continued growth in renewable diesel imports into California will lead to increased volumes of total biomass-based diesel imports, with net imports increasing by an estimated 25% in 2020 and by 56% in 2021. EIA expects domestic biodiesel production volumes in 2020 will be similar to those in 2019.

Principal contributors: Estella Shi, Sean Hill

Read the article online at: https://www.hydrocarbonengineering.com/clean-fuels/02062020/eia-us-biomass-based-diesel-imports-increase/

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