Overview
- Oil accounted for 27% of Turkey’s total primary energy supply in 2012.
- Oil demand was 670 000 bpd in 2012.
- Domestic oil production is in decline and amounted to 45 000 bpd or % of total 2012 demand.
- Turkey imported 712 000 bpd of oil and refined products in 2012.
- Turkey has four operational refineries with a total crude distillation capacity of approximately 610 000 bpd.
- The 90 day stockholding obligation is met by placing a minimum obligation on industry.
- Refineries and fuel distribution companies are obliged to hold at least 20 days of product stocks based on the average daily scales of the previous years.
- Eligible consumers who use more than 20 000 tpy are required to hold 15 days consumption of each type of liquid fuel.
- At the end of April 2013, Turkey had 63 million bbls of oil stocks.
- In 2012, natural gas was 32% of total primary energy supply.
- Gas demand was 45.3 billion m3 in 2012.
Oil
- TUPRAS operates four refineries and two others are under construction by Star Refining and Eastern Mediterranean Refinery.
- The new plants are expected to add approximately 510 000 bpd of distillation capacity.
- The total utilisation rate of the four refineries, currently in operation, is approximately 75%.
- In 2012, total verified product output was 486 000 bpd.
- Turkey’s total storage capacity is estimated at 79 million bbls.
- The National Oil Stock Commission (NOSC) is responsible for energy security in the event of supply disruption.
- At the end of April 2013, Turkey held 63 million bbls of oil stocks, equal to 93 days of 2012 net imports.
- Turkish legislation does not allow emergency oil reserves to be held abroad.
- The government does not provide financial support for building compulsory stocks.
- Demand restraint is considered a secondary emergency response measure that could complement an oil stock release.
- Short term fuel switching from oil to other fuels is not regarded as an emergency response measure.
- According to petroleum law, the administration can ask producing companies to increase oil production.
Gas
- Turkish gas demand is mostly supplied by imports through pipelines or LNG.
- In 2012, Turkey imported 46 billion m3 of gas.
- In 2012, Russia was Turkey’s largest natural gas supplier filing 58% of imports.
- Gas market was liberalised in May 2001.
- Turkey has approximately 3 billion m3 of storage capacity.
Adapted by Claira Lloyd